What does "schema theory" explain regarding reading comprehension?

Schema theory offers a significant framework for understanding how individuals comprehend written texts by emphasizing the role of background knowledge. According to this theory, readers bring their prior experiences, knowledge, and assumptions to a text, which they use to interpret and derive meaning from it. This process allows them to connect the new information presented in the text with what they already know, creating a more profound understanding and enhancing memory retention.

For instance, when a reader encounters a story about a birthday party, their existing knowledge about birthday celebrations—such as traditions, gifts, and cake—helps them to make inferences and predictions about the text. Such connections foster deeper engagement and comprehension.

This understanding contrasts with the ideas presented in the other choices, which do not fully capture the essence of schema theory. The emphasis on background knowledge is pivotal, as it underscores that comprehension is not just about decoding words or focusing on the text itself, but also about how effectively readers can integrate new information with their existing frameworks of knowledge.